课堂文本¶
前言
涵盖了课堂中用于听力的大部分文本（TikTok 文本因太长未收录）。音频为 AI 生成，部分读音可能不正确；部分文本为空耳，可能存在偏差；翻译为 AI 生成，仅供参考。
1 Ceremonial Speech¶
International Conference on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Psychological Adaptations and Social Behavior under Financial Crisis
文本
Distinguished guests, honorable scholars，ladies and gentleman, friends, good morning.
It's my great honor and pleasure to welcome you here to attend the international conference on small and medium-size enterprises' psychological adaptation and social behavior under financial crisis. Thanks to the joint efforts of many institutions and organizations, the conference has been successfully convened in this beautiful Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University.
First of all, on behalf of the department of psychology and behavior sciences, I would like to extend my warmest welcome to all of you, and my congratulations on this conference.
参考译文
各位贵宾、各位尊敬的学者、女士们、先生们、各位朋友，上午好！
非常荣幸能在此欢迎各位出席 “金融危机背景下中小企业心理适应与社会行为” 国际研讨会。承蒙众多机构与组织的通力协作，本次会议得以在风景秀丽的浙江大学西溪校区成功召开。
首先，我谨代表心理学与行为科学系，向各位的莅临致以最热烈的欢迎，并对本次会议的顺利召开表示诚挚祝贺！
注意
这里 AI 把所有 SMEs’ 都发成了类似 smith 的音，注意辨别。
文本
Currently, the world is still being enveloped in the financial crisis. The economy is waning, people's living condition is declining. On the this situation, a lot of SMEs' producers and marketers have been suffering from severe difficulties. Therefore we search on SME's psychological adaptation and social behavior under financial crisis is an effective way to improve the SME's market competitiveness. To alleviate the negative impact caused by financial crisis, and to benefit the business transformation and upgrading, Zhejiang University is very lucky to hold this conference.
This university is ranking the third in mainland china, in terms of research, teaching and social services. In the department of psychology and behavior sciences, we have a national key laboratory of industrial psychology, a national training base of basic research and the teaching professionals in psychology. We also have two research institutes, namely the institute of applied psychology, and the institute of cognition and developmental psychology.
Over them, the passed few decades，the department has made a feature of industrial psychology and the management psychology. In particular, I was staff members have made a systematic explorations into SME's phycological adaptation and social behaviour, and have gained beautiful results.
The success of this conference will undoubtedly help to enhance our mutual understanding and the friendship, strengthen the corporation between colleges and enterprises, promote the academic development of phycology, management and the related the disciplines , and also contribute to SME's healthy and sustainable development.
At last, I would like to wish a great success of this conference, and every guest a nice day in Hangzhou. Thank you very much. Thank you.
参考译文
当前，世界仍笼罩在金融危机的阴霾之下，经济下行压力加大，民生状况有所下滑。在此背景下，众多中小企业的生产经营者正面临严峻挑战。因此，开展金融危机背景下中小企业心理适应与社会行为研究，是提升中小企业市场竞争力的有效途径。为减轻金融危机带来的负面影响，助力企业转型升级，浙江大学有幸承办本次会议。
浙江大学在科研、教学与社会服务领域均位列中国内地高校第三。我校心理学与行为科学系拥有工业心理学国家重点实验室、心理学基础研究与教学人才培养国家基地，以及两个研究所 —— 应用心理学研究所与认知与发展心理学研究所。
过去数十年间，该系已形成工业心理学与管理心理学两大特色研究方向。尤其值得一提的是，我院师资团队在中小企业心理适应与社会行为领域开展了系统性探索，取得了丰硕成果。
本次会议的成功举办，无疑将增进彼此的理解与友谊，加强校企合作，推动心理学、管理学及相关学科的学术发展，同时助力中小企业健康可持续发展。
最后，预祝本次会议圆满成功！祝愿各位来宾在杭州度过一段愉快的时光！谢谢大家！
2 Tourism¶
丝绸之路
文本
欢迎各位参加“丝绸之路游”。我相信为期两周的游览将成为您一生中最难忘的经历之一。
丝绸之路的历史可以追溯到公元前⼆世纪，当时一名中国官员、朝廷的使者张骞沿着这条连接亚欧两大洲的贸易通道出使西域。这条通道源于⻓安城，即今⽇的西安，一路穿越陕西省、⽢肃省境内的河西⾛廊、新疆的塔⾥⽊盆地、帕⽶尔⼭区、阿富汗、伊朗、伊拉克以及叙利亚，最后抵达地中海东岸，全程7千公⾥，其中4千多公⾥的路段位于中国境内。
15世纪前的一千多年⾥，中国通过这条通道给西域各国带去了丝绸织物、⽕药、造纸术和印刷术。同时，这条通道也从国外给我们引进了佛教、伊斯兰教，以及葡萄、核桃、⽯榴、⻩⽠、玻璃、香⽔等产品。因为中国丝绸是沿着这条道进⼊西方国家的，所以欧洲学者将此道称作“丝绸之路”。
参考译文
Welcome to the Silk Road Tour! I'm sure you will find this two-week trip one of your most memorable experiences in your life.
The Silk Road dates back to the second century B.C. when Zhang Qian, a Chinese official and envoy of the royal court, embarked on his business trip to Xiyu（meaning western countries）following this trade thoroughfare linking Asia and Europe. Originating from Chang'an （ the present-day Xi'an ） , the route traversed Shaanxi Province, the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, the Pamir mountain region, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria, ending at the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. More than 4,000 of its 7,000 kilometers were in China.
For over a thousand years up till 15th century, China brought its silk cloth and goods, gunpowder, and paper making and printing techniques to the West via this road. This road, in return, introduced into China Buddhism and Islam as well as grapes, walnuts, pomegranates, cucumbers, glass, perfume and other products from the outside world. Because China's silk reached the West along this road, European scholars came to call it the “Silk Road”.
3 Culture and Education¶
香港中文大学
Keys Words for Reference
| 中文词汇 | 英文对应表达 |
|---|---|
| 弘扬传统文化 | promote traditional culture |
| 书院制度 | academy system |
| 在…卓然而立 | excel at… |
| 主/辅修课程 | major/minor courses |
| 课程设计灵活 | flexibility in course design |
| 学分制 | credit system |
| 学习自主权 | learning autonomy |
文本
我代表香港中文大学欢迎各位同学。
香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963年，由当时的崇基学院、新亚书院和联合书院合并而成。中大是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合传统与现代、融会中国与西方”为创校使命。中大设有文学院、工商管理学院、教育学院、工程学院、医学院、理学院、社会科学院和法学院等8个学院。
40多年来，我们一直致力于弘扬中华传统文化，坚持双语教育，并推⾏独特的书院制度，在香港⾼等教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地达134公顷，是世界上最美丽的校园之一。
中大的师⽣来⾃世界各地。我们有教职员5200多人、近万名本科⽣、约2000名研究⽣，其中约2500人来⾃45个不同的国家和地区。我们开设的主、副修课程各有58⻔，可供学⽣⾃由选修。
参考译文
Welcome to the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963, which comprises the original Chung Chi College, New Asia College and The United College. CUHK is a research-oriented comprehensive university with a world vision and a mission to combine tradition with modernity and bring together China and the West. At CUHK, there are eight faculties, namely, Arts, Business Administration, Education, Engineering, Medicine, Science and Social Science, and Law.
Over the past 40 some years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue of our rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique college system. Instruction is conducted in both Chinese and English. CUHK's 134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.
CUHK's faculty and students come from all corners of the world. We have more than 5 200 staff members, approximately 10000 undergraduates and 2000 postgraduate students. Of these students, some 2 500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong. We offer 58 majors' programmes and 58 minors' programmes for undergraduate students to choose from.
4 Science and Technology¶
Success and Happiness
文本
Most people assume that being successful would make a person happy, but data shows that most people have it backward, being happy brings success. Psychologists from the universities of Illinois, California and Missouri look at the results of more than 200 studies on success. They found that people who feel happy are more confident, optimistic and energetic, allowing them to outshine the average person when doing things like looking for a job, asking for a raise, or even getting a top-notch annual review at the office. So what can you do to brighten your mood and improve your outlook?
Researchers offer three tips, they say taking daily stock of things for which you are grateful will improve your happiness, being kind to others is another proven path to happiness. They also suggest that consciously deciding to be optimistic is a speedy way to a shining smile and may be a fatter wallet.
With the Money Minute, I' John Yan. ABC News, New York.
参考译文
大多数人都认为成功会让人快乐，但数据显示，多数人都搞反了 —— 快乐才会带来成功。来自伊利诺伊大学、加利福尼亚大学和密苏里大学的心理学家，分析了 200 多项关于成功的研究结果。他们发现，心情愉悦的人更自信、乐观且精力充沛，这让他们在找工作、申请加薪，甚至是办公室年度绩效评估中脱颖而出。那么，该如何改善心情、提升心态呢？
研究人员给出了三个建议：每天盘点值得感恩的事，能提升幸福感；善待他人，是另一种经证实有效的快乐之道；他们还建议，有意识地选择乐观，不仅能快速绽放笑容，或许还能带来更丰厚的收入。
这里是《财经快讯》栏目，我是约翰・严。ABC 新闻，纽约报道。
Coffee and Caffeine
Words for Reference
| 英文 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|
| coffee — caffeine | 咖啡——咖啡因 |
| cardiovascular system | 心血管系统 |
| metabolize the stimulant | 代谢这种兴奋剂 |
文本
First we heard medical studies saying that caffeine and coffee was probably bad for the heart, but recent research showed coffee may be good for the cardiovascular system. That's what coffee lovers like Karen McKillop to wonder. "I'd like to know which it is. It's very confusing. Is it good or is it not good?"
Well, a new study may explain the conflicting information. According to the research, coffee can be both good and bad. It all depends on you and which version of the gene you have called CYP.
CYP is actually spelled C-Y-P. Researchers believe that about half of us are carrying a gene that allows the body to break down caffeine quickly. The rest of us have the type of gene that more slowly metabolizes the stimulant.
In the study, scientists discovered coffee drinkers with the faster version of the gene had no increased risk of heart disease. However, people with the gene that breaks down caffeine slowly had a significantly higher risk. "When caffeine circulates in your body for a long period of time, you might in fact experience adverse health consequences from that," the study noted.
Now all of us want to know the same thing: "Well, I'd like to find out what gene I have." Well, that's the bad news. There is a test to find out, but it probably won't be readily available for a while.
So what to do until then? The answer in a word, moderation. The study also found that people with the slower gene can limit their risk if they limit their coffee to one or two cups a day.
Dr. Sean Kenneth, CBS News.
参考译文
起初有医学研究称，咖啡因和咖啡可能对心脏有害，但近期研究表明，咖啡或许对心血管系统有益。这让卡伦・麦基洛普这样的咖啡爱好者感到困惑：“我想知道到底是哪种情况，这太令人费解了 —— 咖啡到底是好还是不好？”
不过，一项新研究或许能解释这些相互矛盾的结论。研究显示，咖啡既可能有益也可能有害，核心取决于你体内一种名为 CYP 的基因类型。
CYP 的拼写是 C-Y-P。研究人员认为，约一半的人携带的基因能让身体快速分解咖啡因，而其余人携带的基因则会让这种兴奋剂的代谢速度变慢。
在该研究中，科学家发现：携带快速代谢基因的咖啡饮用者，患心脏病的风险并未增加；但携带慢速代谢基因的人，患病风险却显著升高。研究指出：“当咖啡因在体内长时间循环时，实际上可能会对健康产生不良影响。”
现在大家都想问同一个问题：“我想知道自己携带的是哪种基因。” 但坏消息是，虽然存在相关检测方法，但短期内可能难以普及。
那么在检测普及前该怎么办？答案很简单 —— 适度饮用。研究还发现，携带慢速代谢基因的人，若每天只喝一两杯咖啡，就能降低相关风险。
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻部 肖恩・肯尼斯博士 报道
Sleep and Dream
Words for Reference
| 英文 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|
| tired and irritable | 疲惫且易怒的 |
| psychological rest | 心理休息 |
| slow-wave sleep | 慢波睡眠 |
| rhythm | 节律；节奏 |
文本
It is clear that we all need to sleep. Most people rarely think about how or why they sleep, however, We know that if we sleep well, we feel rested. If we do not sleep enough, we often feel tired and irritable. It seems there are two purposes of sleep: physical rest and emotional, or psychological, rest. We need to rest our bodies and our minds.
Each night we alternate between two kinds of sleep: active sleep and passive sleep. Passive sleep gives our body the rest that is needed, and prepares us for active sleep, in which dreaming occurs. In passive sleep, the body is at rest, the heart beat slows down, and the body processes become very slow. We move very little, and the brain becomes very inactive. This stage of sleep is known as slow-wave sleep because the brain waves move in a very slow, regular rhythm.
If we continue to sleep, we will enter a more active stage, in which the body goes through several changes. In this new stage, the brain temperature rises, the amount of blood in the brain increases, the body becomes very still, and the brain goes from being very inactive to being active. As the brain becomes more active, the eyes begin to move rapidly. The eye movement signals that the person is dreaming.
Throughout the night, we alternate between passive and active sleep. The brain rests, then it becomes active, then dreaming occurs. This cycle is repeated several times throughout the night. During eight hours of sleep, we dream for a total of one and a half hours, on the average.
We all experience these dream cycles; no one is an exception. Many people say that they do not dream, or that they rarely dream. This is not what actually happens, because everyone dreams and in fact, everyone needs to dream in order to stay healthy. The truth is we need both kinds of sleep: we need passive sleep to rest our bodies and active sleep in order to dream. Dreaming helps us to rest our minds.
参考译文
显然我们都需要睡眠。大多数人很少考虑他们是如何睡眠的,也很少考虑他们为何要睡眠。我们知道,如果睡得好,我们就会感到有了充分的休息;如果睡眠不充足，我们常会感到疲倦和烦躁。看来睡眠有两个目的:一是为了获得体力上的休息，一是为了得到精神上的休息(或叫做心理休息)。我们需要让自己的身体和大脑都得到休息。
每天晚上我们以两种交替出现的方式睡眠,即积极睡眠和消极睡眠。消极睡眠给我们的身体以所需要的休息,并让我们向积极睡眠过渡。人们在积极睡眠时会做梦。消极睡眠时我们的身体处于一种安宁的状态,我们心脏的跳动减缓，我们人体机能的运行变得非常缓慢。我们身体很少移动,大脑几乎处于静止状态。这一阶段的睡眠叫做慢波睡眠,因为这时脑电波处于一种非常缓慢而有节奏的波动状态。
如果我们继续睡眠，我们便会进入一个比较积极的睡眠阶段,这时人体会历经几种变化。在这个睡眠新阶段,大脑温度会上升,大脑血液流量会增加，人体会变得几乎纹丝不动,而大脑则由静止不动转为活动状态。随着大脑活动变得较为积极，人的眼球开始快速运动起来。人的眼球运动表明了我们正在做梦。
整个晚上我们始终处于消极睡眠和积极睡眠两种状态相互交替的过程。大脑保持静态,然后积极活动起来,然后我们开始做梦。这一过程会一夜循环出现好几次。在8小时的睡眠过程中,我们做梦的总时间平均为1个半小时。
人人都会经历这些做梦的过程,无一人例外。许多人说自己不做梦,或者说很少做梦。而实际情况并非如同他们所说的那样,因为每个人都会做梦,事实上人人都需要通过做梦来保持身心健康。实际情况是我们需要两种睡眠:我们需要消极睡眠以休息身体,我们还需要积极睡眠以进入梦乡,而做梦有助于我们的大脑得到休息。